双子表面活性剂——二元醇双琥珀酸双酯磺酸钠(GMI-01)的合成与性能研究

采用1,4 丁二醇、马来酸酐、十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚(AEO2)为主要原料和环境友好的工艺路线,合成了一种易降解的双子(Gemini)表面活性剂———二元醇双琥珀酸双酯磺酸钠(GMI-01)。对各步合成条件采用正交实验或均匀设计进行优化,得出各步反应的最优工艺条件如下:酯化反应Ⅰ,配比为n(马来酸酐)∶n(1,4 丁二醇)=2 15∶1 00,反应时间1h,催化剂w(乙酸钠)=1 0%,以丙酮作溶剂,回流操作。酯化反应Ⅱ,配比为n(1,4 丁二醇双马来酸单酯)∶n(AEO2)=1 00∶2 15,反应温度150℃,反应时间14h,催化剂w(PW12/C)=1 5%。磺化反应,配比为n(1,4 丁二醇双马来酸AEO2双酯)∶n(NaHSO3)=1 00∶3 00,反应时间4h,反应温度80℃,相转移催化剂w(CTAB)=1 5%。对每步合成产物均用IR和1HNMR进行了表征,终产物GMI-01的平衡表面张力γCMC=38 4mN/m,CMC为0 049mmol/L。

Gemini Surfactants:Synthesis and Properties of Sodium Diol Bisulfosuccinate Diester(GMI-01)

A new type easily degradable Gemini surfactant(GMI-01) was synthesized through environmentally-friendly process with cheap materials such as 1,4-butanediol,maleic anhydride and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether(AEO2).The optimum reaction conditions were obtained via orthogonal experiments or uniform tests.Thus,the first esterification reaction was carried out by refluxing in acetone for 1 h with n(maleic anhydride)∶n(1,4-butanediol)=2.15∶1.00 and 1.0% catalyst(sodium acetate).The second esterification reaction was carried out with n(1,4-butanediol bismaleic acid monoester)∶n(AEO2)=1.00∶2.15 and 1.5% catalyst(PW12/C) at 150 ℃ for 14 h.The sulfonation reaction was carried out with n(1,4-butanediol bismaleic acid diester)∶n(NaHSO3)=1.00∶3.00 and 1.5% catalyst(cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) at 80 ℃ for 4 h.The products were characterized by IR and 1HNMR.The equilibrium surface tension of the final product was 38.4 mN/m,CMC was 0.049 mmol/L, Γ was 2.33×1010 mol/cm2,and A was 72.0×102 nm2.These data demonstrate that GMI-01 forms micelle easily,but its equilibrium surface activity is not too high.