人造板车间内工人甲醛暴露的健康风险评估

我国的人造板产量已跃居世界第1位。人造板在生产过程中会散发大量的甲醛,使得车间内工人会面临较高的健康风险,但国内鲜有其风险评估方面的研究报道。本文对某人造板车间内甲醛浓度分布进行了测试,评估了不同工作岗位上工人的健康风险。结果表明:基于终生致癌概率得到的工人健康风险为2.80×10-4～6.89×10-3,是可接受健康风险水平(1×10-6)的几百到几千倍;最高的健康风险发生在车间内最靠近热压机的工作岗位。笔者建议采用隔离热压机、增大局部排风量及加强工人自我防护等方法降低车间内工人的健康风险。

Health Risk Assessment of Formaldehyde Exposure for Workers in a Wood-based Panel Plant

China＇s production of wood-based panel now ranks first in the world.Wood-based panel emits abundant formaldehyde in the production process,thus the workers in the plant may face much higher health risk.However,there has been little study on this issue.In this paper,the formaldehyde concentration distribution in a wood-based panel plant was measured and the health risk for workers at different work locations was estimated.The results indicated that the health risk for workers was between 2.80 × 10-4 and 6.89 × 10-3,which was calculated with the lifetime cancer probability（LCP）.This range was several hundred to thousand times of the acceptable health risk level（1 × 10-6）.In addition,it was known that the location with highest health risk was adjacent to the heat-press machine.Some suggestions were presented to reduce the health risk of workers,such as enclosing the heat-press machine,increasing local exhaust volume and enhancing workers＇ self-protection.