面向再制造的油漆清洗技术综述

再制造清洗是再制造中极为重要的环节,清洗的质量会直接影响再制造产品的质量.油漆是再制造清洗中必不可少的一种污垢类型,相比于其他污垢,具有与基体结合时间长,结合情况复杂,清洗难度大的特点.目前,清洗油漆主要采用传统清洗技术,如酸碱溶液清洗、高温热分解、干喷丸清洗等,而对近几年出现的油漆绿色清洗技术的推广应用不够,并且没有一个系统的整理总结用于指导实际应用.针对这一现状,基于国内外学者对油漆绿色清洗技术的研究成果,首先从油漆的性质方面进行整理,如:油漆与基体的结合情况,油漆表面微观形貌以及主要成分等.然后总结了机械领域常用的绿色油漆清洗技术,如熔盐清洗技术、干冰清洗技术、激光清洗技术、高压水射流清洗技术、湿喷丸清洗技术、超声波清洗技术以及超临界CO2清洗技术,重点阐述了各种清洗技术的油漆清洗机理及优缺点,并以清洗效率为衡量标准,对各种清洗技术进行对比分析,为使用者选择清洗技术提供参考.最后根据现有油漆清洗技术存在的局限性,对清洗技术的发展前景进行了展望,提出了绿色化、复合化和智能化的发展理念,为新型油漆清洗技术的提升以及现有油漆清洗技术改进提供思路,促进清洗技术的进一步发展.

Review of Paint Cleaning Technology for Remanufacturing

As an extremely important part of the remanufacturing, the quality of remanufacturing cleaning directly affects the quality of remanufacturing products. The paint is an essential dirt type in remanufacturing cleaning. Compared with other dirt types, the paint has the characteristics of combining with the matrix for a long time, complex bonding condition and difficult cleaning. At present, the traditional cleaning technology is mainly used in paint cleaning, such as acid and alkali solution cleaning, high-temperature thermal decomposition, dry shot peening cleaning and so on. But the popularization and application of paint green cleaning technology appeared in recent years is not enough, and there is no systematic summary to guide the practical application. Aiming at the status, based on the research results of domestic and foreign scholars on paint green cleaning technology, the paper summarizes the properties of paint first, such as the combination of paint and matrix, surface micro morphology and main components of paint. Then it summarizes the commonly used paint green cleaning technology of the mechanical field, such as molten salt cleaning technology, dry ice cleaning technology, laser cleaning technology, high pressure water jet cleaning technology, wet shot peening cleaning technology, ultrasonic cleaning technology and supercritical CO2 cleaning technology that focus on the paint cleaning mechanism of all kind of cleaning technologies and their respective advantages and disadvantages. And taking the cleaning efficiency as the measurement standard, this paper makes a simple comparative analysis of various cleaning technologies, which provides the reference for users to choose cleaning technologies. Finally, according to the limitations of the existing paint cleaning technology, the development prospect of the cleaning technology is prospected, and the development concept of green, compound and intelligent is proposed, which provides ideas for the promotion of new paint cleaning technology and the improvement of existing paint cleaning technology, so as to facilitate the further development of cleaning technology.