车载牵引变流器关键部件寿命评估综述

牵引变流器被视为轨道交通列车的"心脏",为列车的运行提供强劲动力。但作为变流器实现电能变换的关键执行部件,绝缘栅双极晶体管IGBT (insulate-gate bipolar transistor)模块与电容性能受多变工况影响较大且较为脆弱,对列车安全运行带来极大挑战。现行的维护方案存在维修成本高、维修不及时的缺点,而以寿命评估为核心的更加经济安全的状态修被认为是未来修程修制的改革方向。为此,针对牵引变流器的关键部件—IGBT模块和电容的寿命评估方法进行调研和总结,根据现有寿命评估研究从数理统计出发,趋向于融合失效机理和统计建模,并朝着物理失效建模不断发展的思路,分别从基于故障数据、基于任务剖面、基于性能退化参数3个方面对寿命评估进行分类阐述,给出每种评估方法的流程,并对涉及的环节进行分析。最后,讨论了现有研究工作存在的问题,并展望了未来牵引变流器关键部件寿命评估的发展方向。

Overview of Lifetime Evaluation on Key Components in Vehicular Traction Converter

As the "heart" of a rail transit train, the traction converter provides strong power for the operation of trains. However, the performances of insulate-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules and capacitors, which are the critical executive components for the converter to realize electric energy conversion, are greatly affected by variable operating conditions and thus are relatively fragile, bringing a great challenge to the safe operation of trains. The existing maintenance solutions have disadvantages such as high maintenance cost and untimely maintenance. Therefore, a more economical and safe condition-based maintenance, which deeply depends on lifetime evaluation, is considered to be the reform direction for the future repair process system. To this end, the lifetime evaluation methods for IGBT modules and capacitors, which are the key components in the traction converter, are investigated and summarized. Starting from mathematical statistics, the research on lifetime evaluation is integrating the failure mechanism and statistical modeling, and it tends to develop physical failure modeling. The lifetime evaluation methods based on failure data, mission profile, and degradation performance parameters are analyzed, and the process of each method and the corresponding details are summarized. Finally, the problems in the existing research work are discussed, and the future development direction of lifetime evaluation on the key components in the traction converter is prospected.