可更换损伤元结构的特征与关键技术

结构抗震性能向功能可恢复、损伤元可更换提升是工程抗震设计的一个重要发展趋势。指出地震作用后结构功能的可恢复性主要依赖于结构变形的可恢复性，提出变形可恢复的结构体系可以由主结构和损伤元构成，应从预期地震作用下使结构损伤集中于特定构件（损伤元）的要求出发，重新认识分散耗能的机理、作用和抗震设计方法。回顾了近年来国内外对功能可恢复、损伤元可更换结构的研究和应用现状，阐述了可更换损伤元结构体系的本质特征，包括体系的损伤机制、残余位移、恢复力机制、变形相容条件和设计原则，归纳了损伤元的耗能机制、变形模式、构造形式。指出需进一步研发新型损伤元，构建损伤可控制、变形可恢复的结构体系，完善设计方法。

Characteristics and technical issues on structural systems with replaceable damage-concentrated elements

The emphasis for seismic design of building structures is now being shifted toward the resilience as well as replaceability of damage-concentrated elements. The resilience of the functions of a structural system relies closely on the recovering ability of structural deformation after earthquake. Such a structural system can be composed of main structure and damage-concentrated elements. For the requirement to concentrate the damage on the specified elements during seismic events, we should recognize the mechanism and effect of energy dissipation dispreading in the structures, as well as search the proper design methodology. In this paper，recent research progress concerning the new seismic design philosophy is summarized. The characteristics and technical issues on structural systems with replaceable damage-concentrated elements are discussed, including the seismic damage mechanism, residual displacement, restoring force mechanism that recovers the displacement, deformation compatibility and design principle. The energy dissipating mechanism, deformation mode and constructional details in damage-concentrated elements are also studied. Finally, the necessity of developing new damage-concentrated elements, earthquake resilient structural systems and complete design methods is pointed out.