森林脑炎纯化疫苗和灭活疫苗的接种反应及免疫效果观察

目的　观察森林脑炎纯化疫苗及森林脑炎灭活疫苗的接种反应和免疫效果。方法　两种疫苗分别于接种后 ,观察局部反应和全身反应 ,免疫血清用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)和蚀斑减少试验法检测其中和抗体效价。结果　森林脑炎灭活疫苗局部反应和全身反应的发生率分别为 2 3 0. 8%和 15 . 38% ,人群抗体 2针接种后约 1/3检出阳性 ,3针接种后约 1/ 2检出阳性 ;森林脑炎纯化疫苗无 1例全身反应 ,局部反应为注射部位一过性轻度疼痛 ,发生率为 1 .13% ,2针接种后 85 %人检出阳性 ,免疫剂量 1 0ml组优于 0. 5ml组 ,差异有显著意义。结论　森林脑炎灭活疫苗副反应发生率高 ,免疫效果差 ,森林脑炎纯化疫苗副反应轻微 ,免疫后中和抗体阳转率高。

Adverse Reaction and Immune Effect Induced by Purified and Inactivated Tick-borne Encephalitis Vaccines

Objective To observe the adverse reaction and immune effect induced by purified and inactivated tick-borne encephalitis vaccines.Methods Inoculate the two kinds of tick-borne encephalitis vaccines into volunteers and observe the systemic and local reactions. Detect immune sera for neutralizing antibody titers by ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test.Results The local and systemic local reaction rates induced by inactivated vaccine were 23.08% and 15.35% respectively, and antibodies were detected in the sera of about 1/3 of volunteers inoculated with 2 doses and 1/2 of those with 3 doses. However, purified vaccine induced no systemic reaction, and the incidence rate of local reaction, i.e. transient mild pain in injection site, was only 1.13%. After 2 doses of purified vaccine were given, antibodies were detected in about 85% of volunteers. The antibody positive rate induced by 1.0 ml of purified vaccine was significantly higher than that induced by 0.5 ml.Conclusion Inactivated tick-borne encephalitis vaccine induced high adverse reaction rate and low antibody positive rate. However, the adverse reaction after inoculation with purified tick-borne encephalitis vaccine was mild, and antibody positive rate was high.