Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection, mortality rate, and serogroup distribution among patients with pneumococcal bacteremia at Denver General Hospital, 1984-1994

The hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome method involves the entrapment of DNA and nuclear protein within liposomes and the use of HVJ to enhance liposome fusion with cell membranes. This method has been used successfully for in vivo gene transfer to various types of tissue. In this study, we investigated whether this method transfers genes effectively to normal and malignantly transformed keratinocytes in vivo. We applied HVJ-liposome complex (HLC) containing the beta-galactosidase gene to the tape-stripped skin of hairless rats and detected the enzyme activity in the keratinocytes of the treated skin. Comparison of this method with the naked DNA injection method, which was shown recently to be useful for in vivo gene transfer to keratinocytes, demonstrated that the transfer efficiency of the latter was about 5 times higher than that of the former. We assessed the efficacy of the HVJ-liposome method for gene transfer to transformed keratinocytes by examining the effect of HLC containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene on the growth of mouse squamous cell carcinomas. Local injection of HLC into the tumors followed by administration of ganciclovir to mice resulted in tumor growth inhibition. These results indicate that the HVJ-liposome method is suitable for in vivo gene transfer to keratinocytes; also that this method may prove a good tool for basic research into keratinocyte biology and future keratinocyte gene therapy.