超声振动辅助塑性成形及形性预测研究进展

随着微机电系统等领域的快速发展，对零件成形精度与性能的要求日益增加。超声振动辅助塑性成形是一种典型的能场辅助塑性成形工艺，相比于传统塑性成形工艺，具有流动应力低、材料成形能力高、界面摩擦少、成形质量较好等优势，被广泛应用于难成形材料加工、微成形、复杂构件成形等塑性成形过程。然而，由于不同塑性成形工艺中金属的变形行为特性存在较大差异，对塑性成形质量与成形性能进行预测有利于实现成形过程的形性协同控制。介绍了超声振动辅助塑性成形在体积成形工艺（镦粗、挤压、拉拔等）与板料成形工艺（拉伸、拉深、渐进成形、冲压等）中的应用及发展概况，讨论了超声振动对材料塑性变形过程中宏观表现与微观演化的影响。在已有研究基础上，重点分析了超声振动辅助塑性成形过程中成形能力预测（流动应力、成形极限等方面）和成形性能预测（表面性能、力学性能、微观组织等方面）的研究进展，为金属零部件成形高质量形性调控提供理论参考，并展望了超声辅助塑性成形工艺的发展趋势。

Advances in Ultrasonic Vibration-assisted Plastic Forming and Prediction of Formability

With the rapid development of micro-electro-mechanical systems and other fields, the requirement for forming accuracy and performance of parts is increasing. Ultrasonic vibration assisted plastic forming is a typical energy field assisted plastic forming process. Comparing with traditional plastic forming processes, it has advantages such as reducing flow stress, improving material forming ability, reducing interface friction, and improving forming quality. It is widely used in plastic forming processes of hard to form materials, micro forming, and complex component forming. However, there are great differences in deformation behavior of metals in different plastic forming processes, the precise prediction of forming quality and forming performance for plastic forming process can achieve collaborative control of the shape of formed parts. In this work, the application and development of ultrasonic vibration assisted plastic forming in volume forming processes (upsetting, extrusion, drawing, etc.) and sheet metal forming processes (stretching, deep drawing, progressive forming, stamping, etc.) were introduced, the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the macroscopic appearance and microscopic evolution of material plastic deformation processes was discussed. Based on the existed researches, the research progress of predicting forming ability (flow stress, forming limit, etc.) and forming performance (surface properties, mechanical properties, microstructure, etc.) in ultrasonic vibration assisted plastic forming processes was analyzed. It provides theoretical reference for precise shape control of metal components and prospect on the future development trend of ultrasonic assisted plastic forming process.