露天爆破炮烟和粉尘初期性状模拟及防治技术研究

爆破烟尘是露天开采难治理的重要污染源,受爆破飞石、冲击波等有害效应影响,炮烟和粉尘蘑菇尘云的初始浓度和性状难以进行源头直接测试,致使针对爆破炮烟和粉尘的治理技术欠缺、方案设计和关键技术参数确定无据可依。本文针对露天(矿)爆破蘑菇烟尘的瞬时生成、高速强扩散特性,建立露天台阶深孔爆破粉尘生成模型,用数值模拟技术研究爆破破岩和抛掷堆积过程中爆破烟尘生成、扩展的初期特性,对台阶爆破烟尘进行了高速DIC技术现场测试,将DIC试验获得的实际烟尘云扩散结果与数值模拟成果进行对比研究,发现烟尘数值模拟研究成果与现场实测结果高度吻合,确定了露天在爆破烟尘生成、扩散初期进行爆区源头环保治理的技术方案。研发了与露天台阶深孔爆破匹配的爆炸水雾场生成技术,为露天爆破炮烟和粉尘的源头治理提供了技术支撑。在白云铁矿露天深孔爆破炮烟和粉尘的爆炸水雾降尘试验中取得了粉尘浓度降低40%以上的显著降尘效果。

Research on initial character simulation and control technology of blasting smoke and dust in Open-pit Blasting

Blasting smoke is a major source of pollution that is difficult to treat in open-pit mining. Affected by the harmful effects of blasting flying stones and shock waves, the test of initial concentration and properties of blasting smoke and dust mushroom clouds cannot be directly implemented at the source, which results in the lack of treatment technology, and which scheme design and determination of key technical parameters to blasting smoke and dust control are unfounded. In this paper, according to the characteristics of instantaneous generation, high-speed and strong diffusion of mushroom smoke in open-pit (mine) blasting, a model of open-pit bench deep-hole blasting is established. High-speed DIC technology is used to determine the bench blasting smoke on site, and the actual smoke and dust cloud diffusion result obtained by the high-speed DIC test on site is compared with the result of numerical simulation. The technical plan for the environmental protection treatment of the source of the blasting area in the early stage of the generation and diffusion of open-pit blasting smoke and dust is determined. The explosion water mist field generation technology matched with the open-pit bench deep-hole blasting has been developed, which provides technical support for the source control of open-pit blasting smoke and dust. In Baiyun iron mine bench deep-hole blasting smoke and dust control test by explosion water mist, the dust concentration was reduced by more than 40%, and the significant dust reduction effect was achieved..