基于USB总线的微型车床开放式数控系统研究与设计

针对微型车床数控加工系统,提出并初步实现了一种便捷的基于USB总线的开放式数控系统。开放式数控系统由上位机和STM32+FPGA组成的下位机构成。研究了数控系统实时多任务调度,译码、刀补、插补算法的软件实现,针对微型车床研究了下位机的功能要求并设计了硬件电路板,研究了下位机的内存管理及运动控制的实现。提出了一种基于USB串行总线的通信方式,验证了USB在开放式数控系统中的可行性。实验证明,USB总线可以便捷高效地运用在开放式数控系统中;通过软硬件结合的方式,保证了系统具有良好的开放性、实时性和同步性。

Research and Design on a USB-based Open-architecture Micro System for Lathe CNC

Aiming at the Computer Numerical Control(CNC) machining system of micro lathe, a convenient open CNC system based on USB bus is proposed and implemented initially. The open CNC system was consisted of a lower computer consisting of STM32+Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) and a host computer. The software implementation of real-time multitasking scheduling, decoding, tool compensation and interpolation algorithm for numerical control(NC) system was studied. The functional requirements of the lower computer were studied for the micro lathe and the hardware circuit board was designed. The memory management and motion control of the lower computer were studied. The communication method based on Universal Serial Bus(USB) was proposed. The feasibility of USB in open CNC system was verified. The experiment proves that the USB bus can be conveniently and efficiently used in the open CNC system;the combination of software and hardware ensures that the system has good openness, real-time and synchronization.