天然气管道泄漏扩散实时计算与燃爆危害预测研究

天然气管道发生泄漏扩散容易引发火灾和爆炸等严重后果,实时计算天然气管道泄漏扩散并预测燃爆危害区域具有重要意义。考虑风速等影响,对高斯烟羽模型进行了修正,基于该模型能够快速计算得到天然气扩散浓度场,比较结果显示,修正后的高斯烟羽模型其计算精度明显优于未修正的高斯模型;进一步研究了天然气火灾和爆炸的伤害效应计算方法,开发了天然气管道火灾和爆炸伤害分析系统,该分析系统的建立有利于指导在事故抢险救援过程中及时准确地划定安全距离,确定危险区域半径,将事故引发的火灾或爆炸危害降到最低;最后,结合某工程实例,从爆炸冲击波危害和热辐射危害两个方面对所采用的模型进行了校核,结果表明,所采用的天然气管道泄漏扩散模型,火灾、爆炸计算模型和评价模型是有效的。

Research on the Real-time Calculation of Gas Leakage and Diffusion and Hazards Prediction of Fire and Explosion for Nature Gas Pipeline

The leakage and diffusion of nature gas could lead to fire and explosion.It is meaningful to re-search the methods for real-time gas diffusion calculation and hazardous areas predication.Considering the effect of wind,using the revised Gaussian plume model,diffusion concentration distribution of gas was calculated fast and the comparison result showed that the accuracy of the revised Gaussian plume model was significantly better than that of the Gaussian model.Moreover,the hazardous effect of fire and explosion was analyzed.A fire and explosion hazards analysis system was developed.Using this system,the hazardous areas could be predicted,safe guarantee for rescue could be achieved and the hazards of fire and explosion could be reduced.At last,using an explosion case,the effectiveness of the evaluation models was checked in the aspect of the hazard of shock wave of explosion and the hazard of thermal radi-ation.The checking result showed that evaluation models for diffusion calculation and hazards predication were effective.