|
|||||
|
|
Delving into the carbon footprints of Singapore—comparing direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions of a small and open economic system |
|
| Authors: | Niels B Schulz |
| Affiliation: | 1. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Program: Transition to New Technologies, Global Energy Assessment, Schlossplatz 1, #133 General purpose bldg. A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria;2. Imperial College London, Energy Futures Lab, 7B Bessemer Building, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, UK |
| Abstract: | Small and open economic systems like cities face specific challenges for greenhouse gas accounting. They typically import most of their energy requirements as secondary energy products based on conversion processes which caused emissions elsewhere. Emission estimates therefore already require attention not only to direct on-site activities. Moreover, for a comprehensive approach it is suggested to include upstream and downstream processes of connected socioeconomic systems and the indirect life-cycle related emissions of imported and exported goods. |
| Keywords: | Embodied emissions Life-cycle assessment Sustainable production and consumption |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ | |