化肥与无公害食品

目前无污染的安全、优质、营养类食品的名称众多 ,按农业行业标准 ,统称为无公害食品为宜。农业生产中的有机废弃物应当尽可能地循环利用 ,但经验证明 ,在农业本身封闭的系统中进行生产 ,作物产量难以大幅度提高 ,而且在市场经济的今天也是不可能的。在无公害食品生产中 ,不应该把有机肥与化肥对立起来 ,而应当配合使用。世界各主要化肥生产国的氮肥中 ,硝酸铵是主要品种。有些生产条件和作物 ,适宜施用硝态氮肥。我国进口的三元复混肥中的氮约有 1/ 2是硝态氮。而我国生产硝态氮十分有限 ,应适当发展。蔬菜 (主要是叶菜、根菜 )中硝态氮的高量积累有种种原因 ,主要是过量、单一施用氮肥和采收期离追肥期太近 ,应当改正。

Fertilizer and nuisanceless food

The nonpollutant, safe, highgrade and nutrient food with a different name should be attributed to nuisanceless one according to the standard of agricultural circle. Though waste residue with organic matter in agricultural planting should be made full and repeated use, application of chemical fertilizer should also be combined with organic fertilizer for the production of nuisanceless food, which none is overemphasized to the neglect of other, based on the experience that it is very difficult to highly increase crop yield in agricultural own closed system, as well as the reality that it is impossible not to apply chemical fertilizer under marketing economy. Seeing that ammonium nitrate is main variety of nitrogen fertilizer in other countries of chemical fertilizer production, it is suitable to some crops and planting conditions , meanwhile about a half amount of nitrogen in NPK compound fertilizer imported to China is nitro nitrogen , and the output of nitronitrogen fertilizer in China is also insufficient, it should properly be developed . High accumulation of nitronitrogen in vegetables(foliage and rhizome), resulted from many causes , can be prevented by some corrections of excessive or unique application of nitrogen fertilizer, short interval period between plucking/picking and topdressing.