无机全固态电致变色材料与器件研究进展

智能场致变色材料是一类能在外场(电场、温度、光照、气氛)刺激下发生可逆光学变化的物质群。其中,电致变色材料因其调节幅度大、响应速率快、着色效率高和循环稳定性好等特点,有望在智能窗、屏幕显示和多功能储能器件等领域得到广泛应用。相较于半固态电致变色器件难于封装以及有机电致变色材料易于变性失效,无机全固态电致变色材料及其器件具有更好的综合应用性。本文聚焦典型无机全固态电致变色材料与器件,综述了当前电致变色器件各结构层的制备途径,并对比了其优劣性,详细介绍了主要的电致变色备选材料及其关键性能评价指标,并阐释了几种代表性电致变色器件的作用原理,提出了使用兼具高透光率、低面电阻以及优异抗弯折性的透明柔性电极替代传统的刚性衬底以实现多场响应器件的应用拓展。最后,从性能瓶颈、工艺难点及产业化机遇的角度对无机全固态电致变色器件的应用前景进行了展望,为电致变色产业化进程提供了借鉴。

Advances in Inorganic All-solid-state Electrochromic Materials and Devices

Chromogenic materials are capable of optical change reversibly in response to physical stimuli (e.g., electric field, temperature, illumination, and atmosphere). Among them, electrochromic materials are expected to be widely used in smart windows, screen displays, multi-functional energy storage devices and other fields due to their characteristics such as large adjustment range, fast response rate, high coloring efficiency and good cycle stability. However, compared with semi-solid-state electrochromic devices that are difficult to package and organic electrochromic materials that are prone to denaturation and failure, inorganic all-solid-state electrochromic materials and devices have better comprehensive application. This paper focuses on the typical inorganic all-solid-state electrochromic materials and devices, presents a brief review on the current preparation methods of each structure layer of electrochromic devices and compares its advantages and disadvantages, introduces in detail the main alternative electrochromic materials and its key performance evaluation index, and explains the principle of several representative electrochromic devices, proposes to use transparent flexible electrodes with both high light transmittance, low surface resistance and excellent bending fold to replace the traditional rigid substrate in order to realize multi-field responsible device application development. Finally, the application prospect of inorganic all-solid-state electrochromic devices is prospected from the perspective of performance bottleneck, process difficulty and industrialization opportunity, which provides reference for the industrialization process of electrochromic devices.