Surface modification of cellulose nanofibers with alkenyl succinic anhydride for high-density polyethylene reinforcement |
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| Affiliation: | 1. New Business Development Division, SEIKO PMC Corporation, Chiba 267-0056, Japan;2. Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 6111-0011, Japan;1. Polymer Department, National Institute of Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;2. National Institute for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania;3. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Aalborg University, Fibigerstræde 16, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark;4. Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;1. Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;3. Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, PR China;2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, PR China;3. School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Angricultural University, Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China;1. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, CEP 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil;2. Departamento de Química, Universidade Estdual de Londrina—UEL, CEP 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Hydrophobic cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared by surface modification using alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA). The hydrophobicity of CNFs was varied by changing the degree of substitution (DS) from 0 to 0.83. Modified CNFs were mixed with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) using a twin-screw extruder and the resulting composites were injection molded. The tensile properties initially improved with increasing DS up to ∼0.3–0.5, and then decreased with further substitution. The tensile strength and modulus of 10 wt.% HDPE/CNF composites containing 8.8 wt.% ASA (DS: 0.44) were 43.4 MPa and 1.97 GPa, respectively. These values were both almost 70% higher than those of composites containing unmodified CNF, and 100% and 86% higher, respectively, than those for pure HDPE. X-ray computed tomography measurements showed that CNFs modified with a DS of 0.44 were dispersed uniformly within the resin matrix, whilst unmodified CNFs and those modified with a DS of 0.77 agglomerated within the composites. |
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| Keywords: | A Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) B Mechanical properties E Surface treatments |
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