山地城市公园形态对其降温效应的影响

为揭示山地城市公园对城市热岛 的减缓机制，以重庆市主城区内10个公园为 例，使用卫星遥感数据和部分实测数据获 得地表温度和近地面气温，分别从内部景 观特征和外部空间形态两个方面研究了公 园的降温效应。研究结果表明：在公园内部 景观要素方面，公园面积、宽度、形状指数 是影响公园降温效应的主要因素，多个小型 公园比同面积大型公园具有更好的降温效 应；在公园外部空间形态方面，自然地形起 伏与建筑空间形态是影响公园降温效应的 主要因素，少量正对公园的通风廊道及规 则布局的建筑形态可以有效提升公园的降 温范围，山地型公园比盆地型公园具有更好 的降温效应。在规划实践中，应该综合考虑 公园面积、布局等要素，以发挥公园最佳的 降温效用。

Impact of Mountain Urban Park Form on Cooling Effect

In order to study the mechanism that mountain urban park mitigate urban heat island effect, 10 parks in main city of Chongqing were taken as examples, remote sensing data collected by Landsat and measured data were used to analyze cooling effect from landscape feature inside the parks and building form around the parks respectively. The results show that: (1) park area, width and landscape shape index (LSI) are the main factors which obviously influence the cooling effect of urban park, and small area parks have better cooling effect than a large urban park with the same area as the total area of small parks. (2) Terrain and building space form also have a great impact on urban park cooling effect, ventilation corridor and geometry building layout can effectively promote the cooling effect of urban park, and mountain park has a better cooling effect than basin. In order to make the best cooling effect of urban park, area, layout and their combination should be considered comprehensively in urban planning.