白云鄂博铁矿石工艺矿物学研究

为了更好地开发利用白云鄂博铁矿石资源，对白云鄂博铁矿石进行了工艺矿物学研究。结果表明：①矿石中的有用矿物主要为磁铁矿、赤铁矿、稀土矿物，脉石矿物主要有萤石、石英、钠辉石、方解石、长石等。②矿石中的主要铁矿物为磁铁矿，以碎屑状及角砾状为主，占磁铁矿总量的70%以上，与钶铁矿、磷灰石、独居石、重晶石等紧密共生，偶见粗粒块状磁铁矿集合体；矿石中的赤铁矿多紧密镶嵌在碎屑状及角砾状磁铁矿中构成铁矿物集合体。③独居石是矿石中分布最广的稀土矿物，呈粒状，与周边其他矿物紧密共生、镶嵌关系复杂。④矿石中的脉石矿物均呈不规则状或他形粒状，脉石矿物间以及脉石矿物与有用矿物间嵌布关系均非常密切，萤石是分布最广的脉石矿物，是细小稀土矿物颗粒的包裹矿物之一。⑤矿石中铁矿物的嵌布粒度均非常细小，磁铁矿较赤铁矿略粗，嵌布粒度大于10 μm的赤铁矿、磁铁矿分别仅占40%和54%。⑥由于矿石中各矿物的嵌布关系复杂，嵌布粒度微细，单体解离困难，因此，宜采用深度还原工艺使微细粒铁矿物聚集长大后再进行回收。

Study on the Technological Mineralogy of Iron Ores from Bayan Obo Mine

The technological mineralogy of iron ores from Bayan Obo Mine was studied for better development and utilization of iron resources.The results showed that：①Valuable minerals in the ores mainly include magnetite,hematite and rare earth minerals,while the gangue minerals mainly include fluorite,quartz,aegirite,calcite and feldspar；②The iron mineral was mainly magnetite,over 70% of which was fragmental and breccia magnetite closely coexisting with columbite,apatite,monazite and barite,while sometimes magnetite aggregates existed；most of hematite was closely embedded in the fragmental and breccia magnetite；③Granular monazite as the most widespread rare earth minerals in the ores,have complex inlaying and paragenesis relationship with other minerals；④The gangue minerals appeared in irregular and xenomorphic granular structure,are closely inlayed with other gangue and valuable minerals；fluorite as the most widespread gangue mineral,sometimes encapsulated rare earth minerals；⑤The dissemination size of iron mineral is very small；However,disseminated at the size of over 10 μm,magnetite accounting for only 54%,was slightly coarser than hematite accounting for only 40%；⑥Because of its complicated embedment,superfine dissemination,and difficulty in liberation,Bayan Obo mine should be reduced deeply firstly to aggregate the micro-fine iron particles together and then be recovered.