我国水库泥沙淤积研究综述

我国江河大多泥沙量大,所建水库淤积严重,由此带来了一系列问题:库容损失影响水库效益的发挥;淤积上延影响上游地区的生态环境;水库变动回水区的冲淤对航运带来不利影响;坝前泥沙淤积影响枢纽的安全运行;水库下泄清水对下游河道河床的冲刷以及附着在泥沙上的污染物对水库水质的影响等。本文对我国水库泥沙淤积研究的状况和成果进行了全面的综述。内容包括水库淤积观测资料和分析、悬移质不平衡输沙理论、水库异重流、高含沙水流、水库淤积形态、水库排沙及运行方式、变动回水区的冲淤、下游河道的冲淤变形,以及水库淤积数学模型等方面的研究成果和进展情况。

A review of the research work of reservoir sedimentation in China

Reservoir sedimentation is very serious in China and it would induce a number of problems. Reduction of reservoir storage capacity due to sediment deposition would diminish the benefits of reservoirs. Siltation progressing to areas upstream reservoir would affect ecological environment. Scour and deposit in changeable back water zone would worsen navigation conditions. Sedimentation in front of dams may cause safety problems to reservoir operation. Clear water released from reservoirs would scour downstream channels. Pollutants adhering on surface of sediment particles would bring about water pollution and so on. A series of relevant research studies have been conducted systematically in China. The authors summarized the research achievements on reservoir sedimentation referring about 100 literatures in the aspects of data analysis, theory of non-equilibrium transportation of suspended sediment, density flow, hyper-concentration flow, morphology of sediment deposition in reservoirs, sediment releasing rate from reservoirs, mode of reservoir operation, scour and deposit in the changing back water zone of reservoirs, scour in downstream channels, as well as mathematical modeling of reservoir sedimentation. The current situations and progresses on reservoir sedimentation researches in China were discussed.