博士生培养质量及其影响因素研究——基于Nature全球博士生调查的实证分析

采用博士生自我报告的能力提升衡量博士生培养质量是“以学生为中心”理念下的普遍趋势。基于Nature期刊2019年全球6812名博士生调查数据发现:第一,中国博士生感知的培养质量低于全球水平,尤其是学术能力培养相较于所对比的国家还有较大提升空间。第二,博士生每周学习投入时间越多,导生关系越融洽,导师指导和导师外其他人的指导越好,学术会议参与的机会越多,学术发表越多,科研基金越充裕,合作机会越多,社交环境和保健福利越好,以及职业生涯指导与建议越有帮助,博士生培养质量越高。第三,影响博士生学术能力提升的因素与培养质量的影响因素高度重合。第四,和学术能力不同,通用能力的提高更多受到沟通合作活动的影响。

A Study on the Quality of Doctoral Education and Its Influencing Factors: An Empirical Analysis Based on Nature Global Investigation of Doctoral Students

It is a common trend,within the concept of‘student centered’,in the measurement of the quality of doctoral studies to adopt the method of self-reported skill elevation by doctoral students.The Nature Global Investigation of 6,812 doctoral students in 2019 reveals the following four points.Firstly,the self-reported quality of studies of doctoral students in China is lower than the global average,especially there existing ample space for improvement for academic skills as compared with those in corresponding countries.Secondly,the quality of doctoral studies is positively related with the quality of various factors,such as the weekly amount of time invested into study,the tutor-student interpersonal relationship,the directions and instructions received from the tutors and others,participation of academic conferences,publication of scientific papers,volume of research funds,opportunities of cooperation,environment for socialization,medical and health insurance conditions,as well as career guidance and professional advice,etc.Thirdly,the influencing factors for the elevation of academic skills of the doctoral students overlap highly with those for the quality of doctoral studies as a whole.And fourthly,different from the elevation of academic skills,the promotion of generic skills relies more on communication opportunities and cooperation occasions.