氧气高炉的发展历程及其在北京科技大学的研究进展

首先介绍了氧气高炉的发展历程，早期的研究工作主要着眼于解决由于氧气代替空气鼓风而引起的“上冷下热”问题，并总结了各国研究者提出的氧气高炉流程及其主要特点。随后系统阐述了北京科技大学科研人员在氧气高炉工艺基础研究与工程技术开发方面所取得的主要进展。这些研究包括氧气高炉流程设计，含铁炉料还原与软熔，氧气鼓风及循环煤气喷吹条件下的煤粉燃烧，循环煤气加热过程中的物理化学变化等炉内反应与变化，以及在此基础上开展的回旋区及全炉数值模拟研究，为氧气高炉的工程化实施奠定理论基础。最后对氧气高炉的碳素流及节碳潜力进行了分析，并提出富氢碳氢循环氧气高炉将成为炼铁低碳化的重要发展方向。 

Development of an oxygen blast furnace and its research progress in University of Science and Technology Beijing

An oxygen blast furnace (OBF) has the advantages of high productivity, high coal injection, low fuel ratio, high gas calorific value, and low carbon emissions; the OBF process is one of the most likely low-carbon ironmaking processes to achieve large-scale application. This paper first introduced the development history of an OBF. The early research work mainly focused on solving the problem of “upper cooling and lower overheating” caused by oxygen instead of air blasting and summarized the OBF process and its main characteristics proposed by researchers in various countries. Then, the progress made by the researchers of the University of Science and Technology Beijing in the research and development of the OBF process was systematically summarized. The studies include the process design of an OBF, the reduction and soft melting of iron-bearing furnace charge, pulverized coal combustion under the conditions of oxygen blast and circulating gas injection, the physical and chemical behavior of recirculating gas during the heating process, as well as the numerical simulation of the raceway and the whole furnace, which gives a theoretical foundation for the engineering implementation of the OBF. Finally, the carbon flow and carbon saving potential of the OBF were analyzed. It is proposed that a hydrogen rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace will be an important development in the direction of low-carbon ironmaking.