国际泥沙计划案例研究综述

在全球变化等多种因素的影响下,许多流域的泥沙问题严重,泥沙管理的重要性日益突出。通过对联合国教科文组织国际泥沙计划所开展的案例研究进行综述,认识到自然地理特征、社会经济条件、水利工程建设对流域产沙、输沙和水资源利用有重要影响。土壤侵蚀加速、水库淤积、下游输沙量减少和生态平衡破坏是目前全球各大流域面临的主要问题。综合各项案例,研究泥沙管理技术,提出流域综合泥沙管理的策略,包括水库淤积管理、推移质泥沙管理、土地管理和水土保持等技术手段,以及法律、行政和组织措施。

Review on international sediment initiative case studies

Affected by the global changes and many other factors,many river basins in the world are experiencing serious sediment problems and the importance of integrated sediment management has been increasing highlighted.This paper presents an overview on the case studies on sediment management of river basins carried by the International Sediment Initiative (ISI)-IHP-UNESCO.It is concluded that geographical conditions,socio-economic conditions and constructions of hydraulic engineering have major impacts on sediment yield,sediment transportation and water utilization in the river basins.The main sediment problems faced by the world's major river basins at present includes acceleration of soil erosion,reservoir sedimentation,the reduction of downstream sediment load and the destruction of ecological balance.Measures of integrated sediment management for river basins are put forward by summarizing sediment management technologies raised in the ISI case studies,including technical measures such as reservoir sedimentation management,sediment bed load management,land management,soil and water conservation technologies,as well as organization and legal measures.