纺织服装产品灰水足迹核算与评价研究进展

综述了灰水足迹核算与评价的研究进展,对纺织服装产品灰水足迹核算与评价中涉及的多污染物影响、时间效应、"潜在水环境影响稀释"和区域评价等关键性问题进行了重点讨论。基于纺织服装产品生产排放废水中污染物种类繁多且理化性质复杂的特点,分析得出:进行纺织服装产品灰水足迹核算时仅考虑特征污染物会导致核算结果偏高,应重点关注多种污染物对水体水质的影响;废水污染物进入水体后会发生不同程度的降解或累积,评价对水环境的影响时需考虑时间效应,以提高灰水足迹核算的准确性;相较于"浓度稀释",从"潜在水环境影响稀释"角度更能体现废水污染物对水环境的实际影响;灰水足迹的核算与评价时纳入区域的水压力指数,可以更准确的评价纺织服装产品生产对区域水资源环境的影响。

Research Progress of Calculation and Evaluation of Textile and Garment Products'Grey Water Footprint

This study reviews the research progress of grey water footprint calculation and evaluation,and focuses on the key issues involved in the calculation and evaluation of grey water footprint of textile and garment products,such as multi-pollutant effect,time effect,“potential water environmental impact dilution”and regional evaluation.Based on the fact that there are a great variety of pollutants in the wastewater discharged from the production of textile and garment products and the pollutants'physicochemical properties are complex,it is concluded that high calculation results will be obtained if only particular pollutants are taken into account in the calculation of grey water footprint of textile and garment products.Instead,emphasis should be placed on the impact of multiple pollutants on water quality.Since wastewater pollutants will be degraded or accumulated to different extent after entering the water body,time effect should be considered in the evaluation of the impact on water environment,to guarantee the accuracy of grey water footprint calculation.Compared with“concentration dilution”,the angle of“potential water environmental impact dilution”can better reflect the actual impact of wastewater pollutants on water environment.The inclusion of the regional water pressure index in the calculation and evaluation of grey water footprint helps evaluating the impact of textile and garment production on the regional water resources environment more accurately.