Dual inhibitions of lemon balm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Melissa officinalis</Emphasis>) ethanolic extract on melanogenesis in B16-F1 murine melanocytes: Inhibition of tyrosinase activity and its gene expression |
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Authors: | Hee-jin Jun Miran Roh Hae Won Kim Soung-Jin Houng Boram Cho Eun Joo Yun Md A Hossain Hojoung Lee Kyoung Heon Kim Sung-Joon Lee |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea sn, 31080 Pamplona, Spain;(2) Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;(3) Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark |
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Abstract: | The effects of wild type and UV-irradiated lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) ethanolic extracts (MOE and UMOE) on melanogenesis in vitro were examined. UMOE showed potent antioxidant activity and significantly inhibited the mushroom and melanocyte tyrosinase
activity, and lowered cellular melanin content by 49% at 200 μg/mL in B16-F1 melanocytes. The key gene and protein expression
of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were reduced (−73% for TRP-1 protein at 200 μg/mL UMOE, p<0.05). MOE showed similar results to a slightly lesser degree. We found that myo-inositol, a major compound in lemon balm
extracts, significantly reduced cellular melanin synthesis and its effect was greater than arbutin at 1 mM. These suggest
that both MOE and UMOE have anti-melanogenic role by both direct inhibition of tyrosinase and down-regulation of gene expressions
in melanogenesis. UV-irradiation slightly improved the anti-melanogenic activities. UMOE may be useful as natural anti-melanogenic
biomaterials for functional foods and cosmetics. |
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