An overview of empty fruit bunch from oil palm as feedstock for bio-oil production |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Vibro Research Group, Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia;1. UTM-MPRC Institute for Oil and Gas, Faculty of Petroleum and Renewable Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 83130 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;2. Process Systems of Engineering Centre, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 83130 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea;2. National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea;1. School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria;1. Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;3. The Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University, United Arab Emirates;1. Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, Kuching, Sarawak 93350, Malaysia;2. Biomass Processing Cluster, HICOE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia;3. Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan;4. International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Empty fruit bunch (EFB) from oil palm is one of the potential biomass to produce biofuels like bio-oil due to its abundant supply and favorable physicochemical characteristics. Confirming the assertion, this paper presents an overview of EFB as a feedstock for bio-oil production. The fundamental characteristics of EFB in terms of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and chemical composition, as well as the recent advances in EFB conversion processes for bio-oil production like pyrolysis and solvolysis are outlined and discussed. A comparison of properties in terms of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and fuel properties between the bio-oil from EFB and petroleum fuel oil is included. The major challenges and future prospects towards the utilization of EFB as a useful resource for bio-oil production are also addressed. |
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| Keywords: | Empty fruit bunch Oil palm Biomass Pyrolysis Bio-oil |
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