Incorporation of fish by-product into the semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of pre-treated lignocellulose and cow manure,with recovery of digestate's nutrients |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway;2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Bitlis Eren University, 13000 Bitlis, Turkey;3. Bioforsk, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Frederik A. Dahls vei 20, 1432 Ås, Norway;1. Institut UTINAM UMR CNRS 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cédex, France;2. Solaronix SA, 129, rue de l''Ouriette, 1170 Aubonne, Switzerland;1. University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA;2. Mechanical Engineering Dept., Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA;3. Civil Engineering Dept., University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA;4. Electrical Engineering Dept., University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA;5. Mechanical Engineering Dept., University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA;1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;2. College of Economics and Management, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China;3. Weichai Power Co., Ltd., WeiFang 261041, China |
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| Abstract: | Norway's fish processing industry generates large amounts of fish waste every year. The high-risk waste fraction with most of its oil removed has not yet been tested for energy production. The stability of an anaerobic digestion process that incorporates this material with steam exploded Salix and cow manure was tested using mesophilic, semi-continuous laboratory-scale digesters. The effects of recycling the liquid digestate fraction were also investigated. The removal of ammonium (NH4+) and phosphate (PO43?) from the rejected digestate using struvite precipitation and bentonite adsorption were tested to generate a nutrient-enriched, final solid fertiliser. Adding 20% fish by-product (volatile solids basis) increased methane yields by 35%, while recycling the digestate caused a slight increase. The NH4+–N levels reached 4–5 g l?1 in the reactors with recirculation and fish feed. Although these levels may threaten methanogenesis, the stability of the process was maintained during the entire period due to the good balance between the lignocellulose, proteins and fats provided by the co-digestion mixture and the positive effects of recirculation. The NH4+ and PO43? were successfully removed from the rejected liquid digestate. The reductions using struvite reached 87% and 60% (pH 9.5 and Mg2+:NH4+:PO43? ratio of 1.2:1:1), while bentonite achieved 82% and 52%, respectively. |
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| Keywords: | Anaerobic digestion Fish by-product Liquid digestate recirculation Ammonium–N Struvite Bentonite adsorption |
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