Effect of the Phase Shift in a Periodic Anode on the Emission Spectra of Top-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes with an Al–Ag cathode and $hbox{Al}+(hbox{Ni}hbox{–}hbox{Au})_{n}$ anode were proposed and fabricated. The multiple layered anode results in a phase shift at the metal interfaces. It was also found that theoretically calculated peak wavelengths of the intensity spectra agree well with those experimentally measured from the fabricated devices. These results also indicate that the phase shift effect in periodic anode is important for microcavity devices.