Delay spread measurements for the digital cellular channel inToronto

The paper describes a set of measurements performed in the Toronto area, in order to assess the impact of multipath propagation on the performance of the TIA IS-54 digital standard. Five existing cells were systematically surveyed: two in downtown Toronto, two in the suburbs, and one in a suburban/rural area. A sweeping correlator apparatus with a 0.1 μs resolution and 910 MHz carrier frequency, and an omnidirectional antenna was used. In one of the cells, the measurements were repeated with a 60 degree beamwidth directional antenna. A fairly sophisticated thresholding technique was applied in order to reduce the impact of noise. Generally, the measurements with the omnidirectional antenna exhibit multipath propagation with considerably smaller excess delays than some reported, but are consistent with earlier results obtained in the U.S. and Europe. Sectorization was found to considerably reduce the multipath effects. Very large delay components appear to be due mostly to the combination of large transmitter-receiver distances and a large degree of shadowing, and could probably be avoided to a large extent by standard cellular engineering techniques. In view of these results, it seems that the long delay (high selectivity) problem has been somewhat overemphasized in the past, at least for areas like Toronto. Problems associated with short delays (flat fading), on the contrary, appear to have been underestimated in the case of dense urban environments