发动机油非磷抗氧、抗磨、减摩添加剂协同研究

降低发动机油的磷含量，提高燃料经济性，延长使用寿命，已是润滑油升级换代大势所趋。为了降低磷的含量，必须减少二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZnDDP）的使用，而二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌（ZnDDC）是ZnDDP最理想的替代物。为了提高油品的燃料经济性，需要加入有机钼摩擦改进剂，其中，不含硫磷的钼酸酯添加剂，因其良好的减摩保持性，其应用更为突出。为了满足更苛刻的油品高温性能要求，还必须加入烷基化二苯胺类抗氧剂（ADPA）。因此有必要对非活性钼、ZnDDC和ADPA之间相互作用进行考察。研究表明，在非活性有机钼、ZnDDC、ADPA的三元添加剂体系中，存在着三种相互配合的协同作用：ZnDDC与非活性有机钼的抗磨协同。非活性有机钼与ADPA的抗氧化协同，以及ZnDDC与ADPA的抗氧化协同。利用非活性有机钼、ZnDDC、ADPA的三元非磷协同复合体系（OD0401），可以大幅度提高油品的抗氧化性能、减摩性能和抗磨性能，这对发展低磷含量的GF-4和GF-5发动机润滑油具有十分积极的意义。利用该协同复合添加剂OD0401，还可以有效地提高低档发动机油的抗氧化和抗磨性能。

NON-PHOSPHORUS SYNERGISTIC ADDITIVE COMPLEX WITH ANTIOXIDATION, FRICTION-REDUCING AND ANTIWEAR PERFORMANCES FOR ENGINE OILS

Reduced phosphorus content, improved fuel economy and its retention, and improved oil robusiness for extended oil life capability, are the three basic requirements of the new engine oil specifications. To reduce the phosphorus content, the usage of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate （ZnDDP） must be restricted, and zinc dialkyldithiocarbamate （ZnDDC） would be a good substitute. To improve the fuel economy, an organo - molybdenum friction modifier is needed, and the organic molybdate ester without phosphorus and sulfur is the most preferential, due to its excellent fuel economy retention properties. To meet the increasing stringent anfioxidation performance, especially in high temperature deposit control, alkylated diphenylamine （ADPA） is also a necessity. The investigation showed, in the tri - component additive complex of the molybdate ester without phosphorus and sulfur, ZnDDC and ADPA, there are three synergistic effects： antiwear synergism between ZnDDC and the molybdate ester, antioxidation synergism between the molybdate ester and ADPA, and antioxidation synergism between ZnDDC and ADPA. This tri - component synergistic additive complex （OD 0401） can enhance the oils＇ high temperature antioxidation performance, friction - reducing property and antiwear capacity very effectively, which is very useful in developing the low phosphous engine oils for ILSAC GF- 4 （implemented 2004） and GF- 5 （expected 2010） specifications. Moreover, the tri - component additive complex OD 0401 can also serve as a booster for low - grade engine oils, improving the oils＇ antioxidation and antiwear performances effectively.