柴达木盆地英西地区咸化湖盆混积碳酸盐岩岩相特征与控储机制

以柴达木盆地英西地区始新统下干柴沟组上段(E32)盐下混积碳酸盐岩为例,借助其大量岩心、薄片和岩矿地球化学资料,分析研究咸化湖盆混积碳酸盐岩储集层岩相特征及控储机制。结果表明,英西E32盐下发育5种储集层岩相类型,分别为混积颗粒、块状、斑块状灰云岩和纹层状云灰岩4种沉积成因岩相,以及一种构造成因的角砾状灰云岩岩相;4种沉积成因储集层岩相分为2类咸化沉积序列岩相组合,分别为洼陷区低能型岩相组合和斜坡与洼内古隆起高能型岩相组合。受陆源碎屑物源高频补给影响,两类咸化沉积序列多以不完整的岩相组合亚型为主。英西E32盐下具典型的岩相控储特征:岩相类型及沉积序列在准同生期控制了白云石晶间孔和溶孔的形成和分布;纹层状云灰岩岩相结构在成岩期控制形成了大规模纹层缝储集空间和高渗通道;混积颗粒、块状—斑块状灰云岩岩相泥质含量低、脆性强,在晚期构造改造期此3种岩相分布与距顶部大型滑脱断层和次级断裂的距离共同控制了构造角砾状灰云岩相缝洞型高效储集层的形成和分布。在上述研究基础上,建立了英西E32盐下岩相-构造复合成储模式,明确了区内不同构造带构造角砾状灰云岩岩相缝洞型高效储集层、纹层状云灰岩岩相溶孔型页岩油储集层和颗粒—斑块状灰云岩岩相溶孔-晶间孔型致密储集层3种有利储集层的发育及分布规律,对推动英西高效油气勘探开发和丰富咸化湖盆混积碳酸盐岩成储理论具重要意义。

Mixed carbonate rocks lithofacies features and reservoirs controlling mechanisms in the saline lacustrine basin in Yingxi area,Qaidam Basin,NW China

Taking the mixed pre-salt carbonate rocks in the upper member of Eocene Xiaganchaigou Formation(E32)of Yingxi area in the Qaidam Basin as an example,the lithofacies characteristics and controlling mechanisms of reservoir formation are analyzed based on a large amount of cores,thin sections and geochemical data.The reservoirs in E32 pre-salt layers have five types of sedimentary origin lithofacies,namely,mixed granular lime-dolostone,massive lime-dolostone,plaque lime-dolostone,and laminated dolomtic limestone,one type of tectonic origin lithofacies—breccia lime-dolostone.The four types of sedimentary lithofacies are divided into two types of saline sedimentary sequence lithofacies combinations,low-energy type in the sag area and low to high-energy type in the slope and paleo-uplift zone in the depression.Affected by high-frequency supply of continental clastic material,the two types of salty sedimentary sequences are mostly incomplete subtypes of lithofacies.Lithofacies have strong impacts on pre-salt reservoirs in E32:(1)Lithofacies type and sedimentary sequence controlled the formation and distribution of dolomite intercrystalline pores and dissolved pores during the pene-sedimentary period.(2)The structure of laminated dolomitic limestone controlled the formation of large-scale laminated fractures and high permeability channels during the diagenetic period.(3)Granular,massive,plaque lime-dolostones have low mud content and strong brittleness,in the late tectonic reconstruction period,the distribution of the three types of lithofacies and the distance of them from the top large slip faults and secondary faults together controlled the formation and distribution of high-efficiency fracture-cave type breccia lime-dolostone reservoirs.On the basis of the above research,the composite lithofacies-tectonic formation model of pre-salt reservoir in E32 of Yingxi area has been sorted out.The time-space distribution of tectonic breccia lime-dolostone reservoirs,laminated dolomitic limestone shale oil reservoirs and granular,massive lime-dolostone dissolved-intercrystalline pore tight reservoirs in different structural belts of the area have been figured out.The results of the study are of great significance for enriching the saline lacustrine basin mixed carbonate tight-shale oil accumulation theory and the high efficient exploration and development of petroleum in Yingxi area.