深圳地区基坑工程发展历程及现状概述

 深圳地区岩土类型广泛，地质条件多变，工程环境复杂，决定了基坑工程及支护技术具有复杂多样性。深圳基坑工程发展历程可分为初级经验、多种技术快速发展、土钉墙时代、各种技术理性应用及变形控制5个阶段。在基坑工程发展过程中，深圳自行研发或在国内率先采用多种新技术，如旋挖–搅拌咬合桩、旋挖咬合桩、冲孔水泥土咬合桩等咬合桩技术，自进搅拌式锚索、高压喷射扩大头锚杆、囊式扩体锚杆等预应力锚杆技术，大直径单管旋喷桩、粉水桩等止水帷幕技术，以及双排桩、复合土钉墙、撑锚混合支护类等多种支护技术，这些技术能够代表国内先进水平。宝吉工业区改造等7个典型基坑工程实例，在基坑规模、深度、周边环境、施工流程、支护方法等方面风格特点各异，代表深圳地区基坑工程特征及最新技术水平。

SUMMARIES OF EXCAVATION ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT HISTORY AND PRESENT IN SHENZHEN

In Shenzhen area，geotechnical types are wide，geological conditions are changeful，and engineering environment is complex. These factors cause the excavation engineering support changeful and complex. The development history of excavation engineering in Shenzhen could be divided into five stages，i. e. such as primary experience，rapid development of many technologies，soil-nailing wall era，all kinds of technology rational application and deformation controlling. In the process of excavation engineering development，many new technologies are made or first used in Shenzhen，such as rotating drilling-mixing secant pile，rotating drilling secant pile，punching soil-cement secant pile，self-feed mixing anchor，high pressure jet expand head bolt，capsule type expansion body anchor，large diameter single pipe jet grouting pile，powder water pile，double-row pile，composited soil-nailing wall，inserts-anchor mixed supporting，etc.. These technologies represent the domestic advanced level. Seven typical excavation engineering examples such as Baoji Industrial Park Reconstruction etc.. have different and various style characteristics in the excavation engineering scale，depth，surrounding environment，construction process，supporting method，etc.，could stand for excavation engineering characteristics and the newest technology level in Shenzhen area.