高库仑量大电流脉冲闭合开关的研制

脉冲能源系统的关键元件之一是高库仑量大电流的脉冲闭合开关。该文设计改进了轴向磁场控制的旋转电弧开关，没有触发电极，并且采用电流在轴向沿内电极均匀分流和磁镜磁场的结构设计，使电弧稳定在电弧稳定区。详细分析电弧的受力，给出开关电弧的理论旋转速度，开关的电极、磁场线圈和触发系统的优化设计保证开关具有良好的工作性能。对开关的大电流试验的回路进行了方案和参数设计，在基本特性试验后开关共进行了7次大电流试验，发现开关电极烧蚀非常轻微，有明显的电弧旋转痕迹。实验结果表明采用电流在轴向沿内电极均匀分流和磁镜磁场的结构设计，使电弧稳定在电弧稳定区，电弧不会像前版开关中一样很快的被轴向力推向端部，减轻了端部绝缘被电弧损坏的可能。

Study on High Coulomb and Current Pulse Power Closing Switch

The high coulomb and current power pulse closing switch is one of the crucial components of the power conditioning system. A rotary arc gap-switch in axial magnetic field is improved without trigger electrode. The arc is stable in the arc-steady-area by the equably shunted current along the inner electrode and the mirror-magnetic field design. The force of the arc is analyzed in detail and the theoretic rotary velocity of the arc is presented. The optimizations of the electrodes, coils and trigger system promise the switch with good operating characteristic. The high current circuit and its parameters have been designed. Seven times of high current experiments of the switch after the elementary tests indicate that the arc is authentically rotating and there are slight erosions on the electrodes. Coaxial columns configuration makes the inter-action area of the arc and electrodes increased and the current density is greatly reduced. The experiment results testify that the mirror-magnetic field compels the arc is stable in the arc-steady-area and can not move to the electrode end. Thus the erosion of the electrode end can be reduced.