Time-frequency plane Wiener filtering of the high-resolution ECG: background and time-frequency representations

The diel 'activity', i.e. availability, of Ixodes ricinus larvae, nymphs and adults was investigated in a meadow and a forest habitat near Stockholm during 1991-1993. Generally, the immature ticks were more prevalent in the forest than in the meadow. In the meadow, the mean larval and adult numbers varied significantly between 4 h time intervals with the peak activity from 2300 to 0300 h. In the forest, the tick numbers did not differ significantly between the time intervals. The association of the tick activity with certain meteorological variables was strongest in the meadow, where the mean numbers of all tick stages were negatively correlated with the temperature. The relative humidity was positively correlated only with the mean numbers of larvae. In contrast, the larval activity in the forest was positively and negatively correlated with the temperature and relative humidity, respectively, while the nymphal and adult activity showed no association with these climatic variables. The impact of the host activity on the tick diel activity is also discussed.