我国聚变堆结构材料表面阻氚涂层的研究进展

阻氚涂层是聚变堆实现氚自持及氚安全的关键科学与技术问题之一。我国通过国家磁约束聚变能发展研究专项依托国内优势单位部署了阻氚涂层基础问题及工程化技术研发工作。本文介绍了国内外聚变堆结构材料表面阻氚涂层研究进展,重点评述了近几年我国在阻氚涂层的材料选择、制备技术及阻滞氢渗透机制三个科学技术问题的研究进展,提出今后的研究方向。目前我国阻氚涂层材料类型以氧化物涂层为主,涂层制备工艺技术在不断优化和更新。Al2O3/FeAl阻氚涂层的电化学沉积铝(ECA)、粉末包埋渗铝(PC)及热浸铝(HDA)等方法的工艺处理规模及涂层阻氚性能在国际上均相对领先。发展了研究阻氚涂层阻滞氢渗透作用机理的方法,将通常基于Fick定律的表象研究方法向原子级方法前推了一步。未来需在考虑涂层制备工艺与基体材料成分、性能的关系及其在复杂形状结构件的适用性基础上,开发长寿命、高阻氚性能的阻氚涂层材料及制备工艺。

Current Research and Development Activities on Tritium Permeation Barriers for Fusion Reactor in China

Tritium permeation barrier(TPB) on structural materials is one of key scientific and technological issues for preventing the tritium loss from fusion plants. The paper reviews present status of studies and developments of materials, engineering processes and mechanisms resisting H-permeation of tritium permeation barriers in China, subsidized by national magnetic confinement fusion science program of China, comparing to the TPB developments in Europe, India and Japan, etc. Oxides as TPB material are of special interest and their corresponding processes are being optimized and updated. Processing scale and H-resisting efficiency of Al₂O₃/FeAl TPB by electrochemical Al coating(ECA), pack coating(PC) and hot-dip aluminizing(HDA) in China are in comfortable lead. Mechanisms of TPB resisting H-permeation proposed from the basic point of view are very important to comprehend the results from the common method based on Fick’s law. TPB with long life and high H-resistance performance and its process are needed to develop in the future.