装载机定变量液压系统工作原理与节能分析

构建了新型装载机定变量液压系统, 分析了装载机定变量液压系统的工作原理及能耗问题。利用SolidWorks软件建立装载机工作机构的三维模型, 将其参数导入AMESim仿真软件中建立装载机的动力学模型;同时在该仿真软件建立装载机定变量液压系统的仿真模型, 针对装载机3种不同工况中的工作特性及能耗问题进行仿真计算分析。结果表明:转向系统由负载敏感泵供油, 泵输出流量大小取决于负载需求, 避免了旁路节流等损失;同时通过合理设计节流阀阀口面积, 使定量泵与变量泵顺次开始向工作系统供油, 小流量时只由定量泵向工作系统供油, 当负载需求流量增大, 定量泵与变量泵双泵合流, 共同向工作系统供油, 既保证了装载机的工作效率, 又具有节能效果;当转向系统与工作系统同时动作时, 变量泵优先向转向系统供油, 具有转向优先功能, 保证了装载机的安全性。相对于全定量系统, 定变量液压系统的效率更高, 尤其在小流量工况下, 具有明显节能效果。

Working Principle and Energy Saving Analysis for Fixed/Variable Displacement Hydraulic System of Loader

In this paper, we construct a new fixed/variable displacement hydraulic system of loader, and analyze the working principle and the energy consumption problem of the system. Using the software SolidWorks, we establish a three-dimensional model of loaders working mechanism, and also establish a dynamic simulation model of hydraulic system with AMESim. Using this simulation model, we analyze the working characteristics and energy consumption problems of system in three different working processes. The calculation results show that: The flow of the steering system is provided by a variable pump, which avoids the bypass throttling loss; by a reasonable design of the throttle valve port area, we make the quantitative pump and the variable pump provide oil to the work system successively; small flow is only supplied by a quantitative pump to the work system, and when the load demand flow increases, the quantitative pump and the variable pump supply oil to the work system together; the result ensures the loader's working efficiency and has an energy saving effect; when the steering system and working system work together, the variable pump preferentially supplies oil to the steering system, and has the priority function of steering; compared with the quantitative system, the fixed/variable displacement hydraulic system is more efficient, especially under the small flow condition, which has an obvious energy saving effect.