流域生态环境需水与缺水的快速评估（I）：理论

为识别生态环境缺水严重的区域和合理评价生态环境用水的配置效果，本文提出了一种新的流域生态环境需水与生态环境缺水快速评估方法。将流域的生态环境需水满足程度定义为，流域“实际生态环境用水”与流域在未受或少受人类活动干扰时的“自然状态条件下的生态环境用水”的接近程度。以土地利用资料为基础，运用层次分析法构建流域生态环境需水特征指标来表征流域生态环境用水的相对大小；借鉴水体生物快速评估法的思想，通过流域单元划分、参照单元选择、参照组构建、参照组匹配、观测值与期望值的比较计算等步骤，可以对不同级别流域的生态环境缺水问题进行深入分析，从而快速识别生态缺水严重区域、预测其生态缺水动态变化，并对生态环境用水配置效果进行评价。

Fast evaluation of eco-environmental water requirement and water deficit in river basins I.Theory

A new method for fast evaluating the eco-environmental water requirement and water deficit in river basins is proposed. The method can identify the regions which are seriously lack of eco-environmental water and assess the effect of eco-environmental water allocation in a river basin. The satisfactory degree of eco-environmental supply in river basin is defined as the degree of the difference between the real eco-environmental water use and the natural water consumption which is not affected by the human being. Based on this idea, the analytical hierarchy process is applied to establish the indexes reflecting the water requirement of eco-environment for describing the amount of eco-environmental water requirement based on the data of land use. The approach of fast evaluation of water quality is introduced to utilize the procedures of element partition of river basin, reasonable selection of reference element, establishment of reference sets and comparing the observation data with predicted amount for analyzing the eco-environmental water deficit in different river basins. Thus, the severe eco-environmental deficit region can be determined and its dynamic variation can be predicted. At the same time the effectiveness of the reasonable allocation of eco-environmental water use can be evaluated.