Optimizing urban traffic light scheduling problem using harmony search with ensemble of local search

This study addresses urban traffic light scheduling problem (UTLSP). A centralized model is employed to describe the urban traffic light control problem in a scheduling framework. In the proposed model, the concepts of cycles, splits, and offsets are not adopted, making UTLSP fall in the class of model-based optimization problems, where each traffic light is assigned in a real-time manner by the network controller. The objective is to minimize the network-wise total delay time in a given finite horizon. A swarm intelligent algorithm, namely discrete harmony search (DHS), is proposed to solve the UTLSP. In the DHS, a novel new solution generation strategy is proposed to improve the algorithm’s performance. Three local search operators with different structures are proposed based on the feature of UTLSP to improve the performance of DHS in local space. An ensemble of local search methods is proposed to integrate different neighbourhood structures. Extensive computational experiments are carried out using the traffic data from partial traffic network in Singapore. The DHS algorithm with and without local search operators and ensemble is evaluated and tested. The comparisons and discussions verify the effectiveness of DHS algorithms with local search operators and ensemble for solving UTLSP.