Laboratory studies on parasitism of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by two species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in different grains,and evaluation of traps for their monitoring |
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| Affiliation: | 1. PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan;2. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Lentzeallee 55/57, 14195 Berlin, Germany;3. Biologische Beratung GmbH, Storkower Strasse 55, 10409 Berlin, Germany;1. Center of Biotechnology, Universidad Iberoamericana de Ciencias y Tecnología, Santiago, Chile;2. Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Section of Parasitology, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile;3. Instituto de Entomología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile;4. Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile;1. Centro Multidisciplinar de Barra, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, 47100-000, Barra, BA, Brazil;2. Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil;3. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil;4. Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto de Senador Firmino, 36540-000, Senador Firmino, MG, Brazil;1. University of Guelph, School of Environmental Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada;2. Natural Insect Control, 3737 Netherby Rd., Stevensville, ON, Canada;3. USDA-ARS, SE Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, 21 Dunbar Road, Byron, GA 31008, USA;4. Vineland Research and Innovation Centre, 4890 Victoria Avenue North, Box 4000, Vineland Station, Ontario L0R 2E0, Canada;1. Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, W.B., India;2. Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt, 9/163-AC, 1060 Vienna, Austria |
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| Abstract: | The aim of the present study was to evaluate two species of egg parasitoids under laboratory conditions for biological control of the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella, an emerging stored product pest in bulk grain. Trichogramma evanescens proved to be a better candidate for biological control compared to T. cacoeciae as it accepted and parasitised a higher percentage of Indian meal moth eggs. Consequently the foraging of T. evanescens was studied in detail. Preferred oviposition sites on individual seeds by P. interpunctella are the germ region and the raphe. Moth eggs were parasitised at both regions. P. interpunctella eggs received higher parasitism at the germ region compared to the raphe. In stored grain and rice, P. interpunctella eggs can be found in the upper 8 cm of the bulk. Foraging parasitoids were shown to enter up to this depth into wheat, oats, and paella and Basmati rice. Wheat and oats were found most suitable for foraging, as larger numbers of T. evanescens were able to reach this depth as compared to the rice varieties. Among different traps, i.e. probe traps, cone traps and wiregauze tubes with adhesive cardboard, cone traps proved best for monitoring T. evanescens. These cone traps as well as the wiregauze tubes were used for the first time to monitor Trichogramma spp. in bulk grain. Cone traps recorded T. evanescens both when placed on the grain surface and in 5 cm depth within the grain irrespective of the release technique of Trichogramma, i.e. release from cardboard cards or sprinkling loose parasitised eggs. The potential for release of Trichogramma spp. within an integrated control strategy for the Indian meal moth in bulk stored grain and rice is discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Stored products Biological control |
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