“两宽一高”地震采集技术工业化应用的进展

宽方位、宽频带、高密度(简称"两宽一高")地震采集技术在解决低信噪比地区勘探、复杂地质体成像、岩性勘探以及精细油气藏描述与监测等勘探难题方面具有明显的技术优势,但是要推广应用该技术还需要克服震源与采集两大制约因素。为此,探讨了影响"两宽一高"地震勘探技术工业化应用的两个制约因素——宽频信号源的激发与可控震源的高效采集技术,以期大幅降低陆上宽方位、高密度地震采集的作业成本,使之经济可行。在对可控震源宽频激发技术特点进行分析和有针对性设计扫描信号的基础上,对可控震源高效采集技术的智能化施工方案、用户定制同步激发方法、队伍的高效作业管理以及海量地震数据质量控制与管理等方面进行了细化和优化,并结合地震采集与处理的实际应用效果,展示了该技术工业化应用的良好前景。结论认为:(1)以新一代低频可控震源为核心的宽频地震激发技术解决方案、以野外地震作业管理系统和海量地震数据质控与管理系统为核心的可控震源高效采集技术解决方案,有效地破解了上述技术瓶颈,"两宽一高"地震勘探技术已经具有了可接受的性价比;(2)该技术能在成本可接受的情况下极大地改进地震资料的成像效果、提高油气勘探的预测精度,值得推广应用。

Industrialization progress of Wide-azimuth,Broadband, and High-density (WBH) seismic acquisition technique

The scheme of Wide-azimuth, Broadband, and High-density (WBH) seismic acquisition has notable advantages in exploration over the areas with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), stratigraphic trap exploration, deep/complex geological body imaging, and fine reservoir characterization/monitoring. However, there are two key bottleneck factors to its popularization and application in industry, seismic source and acquisition technique. In order to make the land WBH application more cost-effective, this paper presents the study result on broadband signal generation and high productivity vibroseis technique (HPVibSeis).Based on the feature analysis of vibroseis broadband sweeping and the targeted design of sweeping signal, the HPVibSeis is optimized and specified in terms of its intelligent operation, customized simultaneous sweep, efficient operation management, quality control and management of massive seismic data. Its promising capability in industrialized application has been proved through the production cases. It is concluded that the above mentioned technical bottlenecks have been effectively broken down by broadband vibroseis solution with the new generation of low frequency vibrator (LFV) and HPVibSeis solution with Digital-Seis System (DSS) and SeisPro. Meanwhile, it is also indicated that the cost of the optimized WBH seismic acquisition technique is acceptable. Given its economic feasibility, WBH greatly improves the imaging effect of seismic data and increases the prediction precision of oil and gas exploration, so it is worth popularization and industrialized application.