四川盆地元坝地区长兴组礁滩相储层天然裂缝有效性评价

研究裂缝的有效性对认清储层类型和性质、明确储层渗流机制及确定合理的开发技术政策界限等都具有重要的意义。为此,以四川盆地东北部元坝地区上二叠统长兴组礁滩相储层为例,利用岩心、薄片、成像测井及生产动态等资料,在评价天然裂缝特征的基础上,对不同类型裂缝的有效性进行了研究,分析影响裂缝有效性的主要地质因素并阐明有效裂缝的开发意义。研究结果表明:(1)元坝地区长兴组碳酸盐岩储层主要发育构造裂缝和成岩裂缝,其中构造裂缝包括剪切裂缝和张性裂缝,成岩裂缝包括溶蚀缝、构造—溶蚀缝以及压溶缝;(2)高角度构造缝有效性最好,其次为水平缝,再次为斜交缝,压溶缝有效性最差;(3)构造裂缝中NW—SE向及近E—W向裂缝的有效性要好于NE—SW向裂缝;(4)裂缝形成时间越早,越容易被方解石或白云石充填而成为无效裂缝;(5)在油气充注之前或与之同时形成的裂缝易被有机质充填成为无效裂缝,在油气充注之后的晚期裂缝大多为有效裂缝,对储层贡献最大;(6)与现今地应力最大主应力方向近平行的裂缝张开度大,有效性好。结论认为,天然裂缝的充填特征和开度特征决定了裂缝是否有效,而有效裂缝的发育程度、裂缝分布及组合特征、缝洞的匹配关系等进一步决定了有效裂缝的开发意义;当有效裂缝较为发育且相互连通形成较大范围的裂缝网络,才能对储层中分散、孤立的孔隙和溶蚀缝洞起到较好的连通作用,极大地改善储层物性,使得气井获得高产。

Evaluation on the effectiveness of natural fractures in reef-flat facies reservoirs of Changxing Fm in Yuanba area,Sichuan Basin

Study on the effectiveness of fractures is of great significance for understanding reservoir types and properties, identifying reservoir seepage mechanisms and delineating the reasonable development technologies and policies. In this paper, the Changxing reef-flat facies reservoirs of in Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin, was taken as an example. After the characteristics of natural fractures were evaluated, the effectiveness of different types of fractures was investigated by using core, thin section, imaging logging and production performance data. Then, the main geological factors that influence fracture effectiveness were analyzed, and the development significance of effective fractures was illustrated. The following results are obtained. (1) Structural fractures and diagenetic fractures are mainly developed in Changxing Fm carbonate reservoirs in Yuanba area. Structural fractures include shearing fractures and tension fractures, and diagenetic fractures include dissolution fractures, structural-dissolution fractures and pressure-solution fractures. (2) High-angle structural fractures are the most effective, followed by horizontal fractures and then oblique fractures, and pressure-solution fractures are the least effective. (3) Among structural fractures, those of NW–SE and nearly E–W oriented are more effective than those of the NE–SW oriented. (4) The earlier the fractures are formed, the more likely they are to be filled with calcite or dolomite and become invalid. (5) The fractures which are formed before or during the oil and gas charging tend to be filled with organic matters and become invalid. The late fractures which are formed after oil and gas charging are mostly effective and their contribution to the reservoir is the greatest. (6) The fractures nearly parallel to the maximum principal stress direction of current ground stress present good effectiveness with large opening. It is concluded that the opening and filling features of natural fractures help determine if fractures are effective or not, and the development degree, distribution and combination features of effective fractures and the matching relationship between fractures and pores further dominate the development significance of effective fractures; that when the effective fractures are more developed and are connected with each other to form a large-scale fracture network, separated and isolated pores and dissolved fractures and cavities can be connected, as a result, the physical properties of reservoirs are improved and high production rates of gas wells are realized.