原油污染土壤中石油烃含量的测定及洗脱实验

为了有效去除土壤中的石油类污染物,采用热化学洗脱方法针对某油田采油区原油污染土壤进行了相关研究,分析了土壤中的石油烃含量,通过洗脱实验探究了温度和时间对石油污染土壤洗脱效果的影响,研究了固-液比、震荡转速和无机盐助剂等因素对洗脱实验的影响.结果表明,4种表面活性剂中SDS溶液对土壤中石油类污染物的去除效果最好.当洗脱温度为60 ℃、震荡时间为60 min、固液比为1∶5、震荡转速为150 r/min时,SDS溶液中添加硅酸钠助剂可使土壤中石油烃的去除率达到51%.固-液比与震荡强度的增加有助于提高土壤中的石油烃去除率.

Measurement and elution experiment of petroleum hydrocarbons in crude petroleum-contaminated soil

In order to effectively remove petroleum pollutants from the soil, a thermochemical elution method was used to carry out relative studies on crude petroleum-contaminated soil in an oil field. The content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil was analyzed. In addition, the influence of temperature and time on the elution effect of petroleum-contaminated soil was investigated with the elution experiment, and the influence of such factors as solid-liquid ratio, vibration speed and inorganic salt additives on the elution experiment was investigated. The results show that SDS solution has the optimum removal effect on the petroleum pollutants in soil among four surfactants. When the temperature is 60 ℃, the vibration time is 60 min, the solid-liquid ratio is 1∶5 and the vibration speed is 150 r/min, the removal rate of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil can reach 51% after adding sodium silicate additives in the SDS solution. The increase of solid-liquid ratio and vibration intensity is conducive to the enhancement of removal rate of petroleum hydrocarbons.