同步辐射小角X射线散射及其在材料研究中的应用

小角X射线散射(small angle X-ray scattering,SAXS)是研究物质内部一纳米到数百纳米甚至到微米尺度级别微观结构的有力工具.近年来随着我国同步辐射技术的不断发展,同步辐射SAXS技术被越来越多地应用到各种材料的研究领域.然而,由于SAXS图谱是倒空间的信号,并不像显微镜那么直观,也不如X射线...

Synchrotron Radiation Small Angle X-ray Scattering in Materials Research

Small angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)is a powerful tool for the studying of the microscopic structure of materials from 1 nm to hundreds of nm and even micron scale.With the development of synchrotron radiation technology in China,synchrotron radiation SAXS has been more and more applied to the research in various fields of materials.However,since SAXS is observed in a reciprocal space,it is not as intuitive as a microscope and is not as well known as X-ray diffraction(XRD).In this paper,the basic principles of SAXS(sparse system,dense system)are introduced,and the development and progress of synchrotron radiation SAXS beamline in China are also briefly reviewed.The typical applications of in-situ SAXS techniques are introduced,for example,in-situ real-time SAXS in polymer materials processing(crystallization,orientation,periodicity,etc.),in-situ and abnormal SAXS applications in the phase precipitation of the alloy(precipitation chemical composition,clusters size,etc.),and grazing incidence X-ray scattering in the mesoporous thin films(domain size,dislocation factor,etc.)as well as organic photovoltaic film,etc.Finally,the development trends of synchrotron radiation SAXS technology and its application prospect in materials research are also discussed.