基于高分辨率遥感数据的矿山环境监测——以新疆乌恰萨热克铜矿山为例

采用Quick Bird、GF2及SPOT6高分辨率卫星图像遥感解译和现场验证相结合的方法,建立典型地物解译标志;查明矿山基建和开采过程中造成的地形地貌景观破坏和土地压占等问题,分析矿山的开发利用现状和地质环境问题,不同时段的3种高分辨率影像在矿山监测中的应用进行对比分析。研究表明,萨热克铜矿山于2012—2013年处于快速基建期,矿山占地增长显著,中转场地、废石堆场、选矿厂、矿山建筑等增长明显,增幅36%~77%;2016年稳定开发期,废石堆场和尾矿库面积减少约34%。矿山环境问题为2892~2997 m中段平硐开拓造成的坡面堆积体,面积2013年到2016年增加71211 m²,增幅60%。高分辨率遥感影像准确高效地查明矿山开发及环境现状,为矿产资源绿色开发提供决策依据。

Mine environmental monitoring based on high-resolution remote sensing data:A case study of Sareke copper deposit in Wucha, Xinjiang

QuickBird, GF2 and SPOT6 high-resolution satellite images were combined with remote sensing interpretation and field investigation to establish typical ground object interpretation markers. The topographical landscape damage and land occupation caused in the process of mine infrastructure and mining were identified. The status quo of mine development and utilization and geologic environmental problems were analyzed. The application of 3 medium high resolution influence in mine monitoring in different periods was compared and analyzed. According to the research, Sareke Copper Mine was in the period of rapid infrastructure construction from 2012 to 2013, and the mine floor area was in the trend of growth, with an obvious growth rate of 36% ~77% in terms of transit site, waste rock pile site, dressing plant, and mine construction. During the stable development period in 2016, the area of waste rock dump and tailings pond decreased by 34%. The mine environmental problem is the slope accumulation body caused by the exploitation of the middle section adit of 2892-2997 m. The slope accumulation body area increased 71211 m² from 2013 to 2016, with an increase of 60%.High resolution remote sensing affects the accurate and efficient identification of mine development and environmental status, and provides a decision basis for the green development of mineral resources.