霞湾港生态修复研究

霞湾港位于湖南省株洲市清水塘工业区,区域内工业污染使其水生态环境受到明显损害。霞湾港中氨氮、悬浮物、化学需氧量、生化需氧量、氟化物、总氰化物及总磷7项指标均超标,且底泥中汞、镉、铅、锌、砷、镍、铜等重金属含量严重超过国家土壤污染标准。霞湾港水污染直接影响到湘江水质,危害居民的生活和健康,也制约了湘江干流下游长株潭城市群的可持续发展。可采用彻底切断各企业的污染源、彻底清理霞湾港中长期沉积的含重金属淤泥、制订科学合理的实施方案及预案措施、环保等政府有关部门对治理全过程实行有效监管等治理思路;同时,清淤固化填埋后栽植人工植被,针对河道平面、横断面、纵向进行生态修复设计,建立湿地保护带、恢复和重建河岸水生植被,建立沿岸植被缓冲带,采取生态护岸措施等,以最大程度地恢复霞湾港流域良好的生态环境。

Study on Ecological Restoration of Xiawan

Xiawan is located in Qingshuitang industrial region of Zhuzhou City and its industrial pollution causes obvious harm to water ecological environment. Xiawan water pollution is serious, 7 indexes of ammonia nitrogen, suspended solids, COD, BOD, fluoride, total cyanide and TP in water exceed the standard, and the contents of mercury, cadmium, lead, zinc, arsenic, nickel and copper in the port sediment exceed the national soil pollution standards. Xiawan water pollution affects the water quality of Xiang Jiang and endangers the lives and health of residents, also restricts sustainable development of Chang-Zhu-Tan City Group at Xiangjiang River downstream. The governance ideas can be applied such as cutting off the pollution sources of enterprises, cleaning long-term depositing sludge containing heavy metals in Xiawan, developing a scientific and reasonable implement scheme and plan measures and effectively supervising the whole process management by relevant departments of environmental protection. At the same time of physical treatment, takes ecological restoration schemes such as planting artificial vegetation after the dredging solidification landfill, applying ecological restoration design aiming at the plane, cross-sectional and longitudinal river course, establishing wetland protection zone, recovering and reconstructing riparian vegetation, establishing riparian vegetation buffer zone and taking the ecological revetment measures to maximize the recovery of good ecological environment of Xiawan harbor basin.