博物馆文物的防震保护研究--设防地震动输入及文物防震保护参数的确定

通过对上海市及邻近地区地震危害性分析,根据上海博物馆文物防震保护的具体要求,研究确定了该博物馆文物防震保护的设防水准及地震动参数。又根据上海博物馆建筑的结构特征分析,结合建筑结构动力特征的实测结果,计算得到了在给定设防地震动水准下,博物馆建筑物内各个楼层的地震动反应。通过分析馆藏文物的悬吊、固定、浮放等基本放置形式,探讨了文物的陈列特征及其可能造成的震害因素。根据相关浮放物在地震作用下的计算方法、上海博物馆文物的陈列特征及防震设计参数,给出了简便实用、偏于安全的计算模型。结果表明,在现有的抗震设防水准下,遇有大震或中震发生时,目前陈列状态的绝大多数文物均存在倾覆和滑移安全隐患。结果还表明,在上海博物馆4层楼板面地震动从566gal减小到110gal时,绝大多数文物均满足稳定条件。因此,通过选择合适的减震或隔震方法,使得文物所受到的地震动满足小于110gal时,便可使陈列文物在地震中免遭破坏,达到防震保护的目的。

A Study on Earthquake Protection of Cultural Relics in Museums

Through the seismic risk analysis for Shanghai and its neighboring area, and based on the specific requirements on the protection of cultural relics against earthquake in Shanghai Museum, the earthquake fortification level and ground motion parameter are studied and determined. According to the analysis of the structural characteristics of the museum building, combining with the actual measurement of the dynamic characteristics of the building structure, the ground motion responses at each floor of the museum building under the given earthquake fortification level are calculated. By analyzing the basic forms of setting the cultural relics as suspending, fixing or on surface, the displaying characteristics and the possible factors that cause earthquake disasters are investigated. According to the relevant computational method for the objects setting on surface under the earthquake action , the displaying characteristics of the cultural relics and the seismic design parameters of the museum, a simple and practical computational model, which is on the safe side, is introduced. Computing results show that, under the condition of large or medium earthquake on the fortification level, for most of the cultural relics under the existing setting form, hidden hazards due to overturning and slippage exits. The results also show that if the ground motion on the floor surface decreases from 566 gal to 110 gal. most of the cultural relics will satisfy the stable condition. By selecting certain suitable methods of seismic isolation or reduction so that the ground motion will be decreased to less than 110 gal, no damage will occur for the displaying cultural relics. The purpose of protection against earthquake can thus be achieved.