青核桃脱皮机理及装置设计与试验

目的:提高核桃初加工过程的机械化水平，解决青核桃脱皮过程中脱净率低、破碎率高等问题。方法:设计一种集刮削挤压、滚刷和清洗于一体的青核桃脱皮装置；对青核桃脱皮过程进行力学与运动学分析，结合理论力学理论建立青核桃空间受力模型，并对关键系统装置进行结构设计。在单因素试验基础上，以转速、对辊末端间距和中心距的取值范围为影响因素，利用Design-Expert 13进行三因素三水平试验，优化青核桃脱皮装置工作参数。结果:青核桃脱皮装置的最佳工作参数为转速64.54 r/min、对辊末端间距41.7 mm、中心距9.44 mm,此条件下的核桃脱净率为91.92%,破碎率为4.49%。结论:该脱皮装置能满足青核桃脱皮生产要求。

Analysis of green walnut peeling mechanism and device design and experiment

Objective: To improve the mechanization of the initial processing of walnuts, and to solve the problems such as low stripping rate and high crushing rate in the process of green walnut peeling. Methods: A green walnut peeling device was designed which was integrated scraping and squeezing, rolling and cleaning. The mechanical and kinematic analysis of the peeling process of green walnuts, was made to establish a spatial force model of green walnuts combined with theoretical mechanics theory, and the key structural of system devices was designed. Based on the single-factor test, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal test was conducted with Design-Expert 13 to optimize the working parameters of the green pecan peeling device by taking the speed, the range of the spacing between the end of the rollers and the center distance as the influencing factors. Results: The optimal operating parameters of the green walnut peeling device were: rotational speed 64.54 r/min, distance between the ends of the rollers 41.7 mm, and center distance 9.44 mm. Under this condition the debarking rate was 91.92% and the crushing rate was 4.49%. Conclusion: The peeling device can meet the requirements of green walnut peeling production.