TSM盆地模拟原理方法与应用

盆地模拟是建立在油气地质的物理、化学原理上，用计算机软件来实现时空框架下的盆地结构、沉积充填和油气生排运聚的演化，从而给出油气资源潜力评价。TSM盆地模拟是在"3T-4S-4M"盆地研究工作程式指导下研发的在原型约束下的确定性数值模拟软件系统。系统强调以盆地原型并列与迭加分析为先导，采用确定性的油气响应模拟模块，合理计算埋藏史、热史、生烃史、运聚史等结果，通过结果分析得到合理的油气资源量和分布。通过四川盆地川西坳陷的模拟应用，揭示了晚三叠世以来陆缘拗陷盆地原型到前渊盆地原型的环境变化，以及上三叠统须家河组烃源岩发育、分布、演化特征和动态生排烃过程。模拟结果表明，侏罗纪拗陷原型沉降演化是导致不同段生排烃差异形成的重要原因；中-晚侏罗世最终定型的结构控制了天然气的运聚，形成了孝泉-丰谷、安县-鸭子河-大邑2个有利的资源聚集区。模拟结果表达了盆地原型迭加的控烃、控藏过程；表明TSM盆地模拟可动态揭示"原型控源、迭加控藏"的油气演化过程，通过与已知的拟合，最终实现预测未知油气的功能，是油气勘探领域重要的技术手段和工具。 

Principle of TSM basin simulation system and its application

Basin modeling describes the evolutions of basin structure, deposition as well as hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation from both time and space aspects by using computer software based on physical and chemical principles of petroleum geology, by which oil and gas resources can be estimated. TSM basin simulation is a deterministic numerical simulation software system constrained by basin prototype and guided by a basin research program of "3T-4S-4M". The histories of burial, thermal evolution, hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation were simulated by using a deterministic hydrocarbon response simulation module and guided by the parallel and superposed analyses of basin prototype, in order to reasonably estimate hydrocarbon resources. This theory was applied in the West Sichuan Depression and revealed that basin prototype changed from continental margin depression to foredeep basin ever since the late Triassic. And the source rock generation, distribution and evolution characteristics as well as the hydrocarbon generation, migration and expulsion of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation were also illustrated. Simulation results showed that the subsidence of depression during Jurassic was an important reason for the difference of hydrocarbon generation and discharge in various formations. The final structure in the middle-late Jurassic epoch controlled natural gas migration and accumulation, and formed two favorable resource gathering areas, Xiaoquan-Fenggu and Anxian-Duck River-Dayi, reflecting the controlling on hydrocarbon generation and accumulation by prototype basin superposition. This application showed that TSM basin simulation reveals dynamically the oil and gas evolution, which means "prototype controlled sources, superposition controlled accumulation", and predicts undiscovered oil and gas by fitting with the known. TSM software is an important technology and tool in the field of oil and gas exploration.