分子复合材料的研究进展

分子复合材料是指一类以刚性棒状大分子作为增强相,柔性大分子作为基体的聚合物复合材料。当刚性棒状大分子以分子水平均匀地分散在柔性聚合物基体中时,能起到良好的增强作用,不仅能使分子复合材料具有良好的物理机械性能,而且易加工,能够解决传统纤维增强复合材料纤维分散困难、加工工艺复杂等问题。本文总结了分子复合材料的原理、发展和研究现状,指出了目前分子复合材料研究中存在的问题以及今后的发展方向。

Progress of the Study of Molecular Composites

Molecular composites are polymeric composites with rigid-rod macromolecules as the reinforcing agent and flexible polymers as the matrix.It has been demonstrated that when phase separation is prevented and the rigid-rod macromolecules are uniformly dispersed in the flexible polymers,the mechanical properties and some other physical properties are remarkably increased.Different from traditional fiber-reinforced composites with inorganic micrometer-sized fibers as the reinforcing agent,the molecular composites have relatively low viscosity,can be more easily processed and show both low density and high mechanical properties.The major problem for the preparation of molecular composites is to disperse the rigid-rod macromolecules in the form of single molecules in the flexible matrics,however,due to the unfavorable enthalpy of mixing,phase separation usually happens.This article reviews the methods preventing the occurence of phase separation in the preparation of molecular composites that have been developed in the last three decades.