生物质基碳气凝胶的研究进展

碳气凝胶是一种新型的纳米多孔碳材料，具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、导电性能优良、耐高温等优点，在催化剂载体、电容器及吸附材料等领域具有广阔的应用前景。与传统的碳气凝胶相比，生物质基碳气凝胶具有前驱体环保可再生的优势，可为生物质高值化、功能化利用提供新思路。本文在简单介绍生物质基碳气凝胶制备过程（包括溶胶-凝胶化、干燥、炭化）的基础上，重点介绍了3类来自不同生物质前驱体（植物纤维素、细菌纤维素和具有三维多孔结构的植物本身）碳气凝胶的制备方法，并对碳气凝胶及其复合材料在催化剂载体、吸附材料、超级电容器、锂离子电池方面的应用进行了综述，最后对生物质基碳气凝胶的研究方向和发展前景进行总结和展望。

Research Advances on Biomass Derived Carbon Aerogel

As a new type of nano-porous carbon-based materials, carbon aerogel has many unique characteristics such as high porosity, large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, and high thermal stability, etc., which is widely used in the fields of catalyst, capacitors and adsorption materials.Compared with traditional carbon aerogels, biomass-based carbon aerogels have the advantage in abundant and renewable precursors, which opens an opportunity for the high-value and functionalized utilization of biomass. Based on a brief introduction of the preparation process of biomass-based carbon aerogels (including sol gelation, drying and carbonization), this review paper mainly introduced the preparation methods of three types of carbon aerogels from different biomass precursors (plant cellulose, bacterial cellulose and plants with three-dimensional porous structure), and the applications of carbon aerogels in catalyst, adsorption materials, ultracapacitors and lithium-ion batteries were elaborated as well. Finally, the research direction and development prospective of biomass derived carbon aerogels were discussed.