矿山地质灾害主要类型及防治对策研究

随着经济的快速发展,资源开采规模日益增大,给环境带来很大的压力,由于采矿本身的原因以及管理、技术、效益、意识等因素,地质灾害隐患严重,严重制约经济的可持续发展,必须引起高度重视。叙述了目前我国矿山普遍存在的主要地质灾害类型,并从技术上和非技术上指出地质灾害的控制措施:在非技术上加强立法;在技术上引入TSP预报系统、直流电法、超前钻孔等地质灾害预警预报方法,控制爆破等技术措施,以及运用环境岩土工程学作为指导对地质灾害进行防治;总结了前人的一些地质灾害治理研究经验。

Major Geological Disasters Type in Mining and its Control Countermeasures

With the rapid economic development and the creasing exploitation scale of resources，it gives the environment a lot of pressure.Due to the mining，and other factors such as management，technology，efficiency，awareness，the risks of geological disasters are becoming more serious，which greatly hamper the sustainable economic development.We must pay a close attention on it.This paper describes the major geological disasters which are prevalent in the mine of our country.And some control measures of geological disasters from technical and non-technical aspects are proposed.In non-technical aspect，the legislation should be strengthened.And in technical aspect，the forecasting methods such as TSP forecasting system，DC electrical method，and ahead of drilling，and the control blasting technique are introduced.As well as the environmental geotechnical engineering is used as a guide to prevent and control the geological disasters，and some of research experiences from the predecessors in control of geological disasters are summarized.