基于三维地震数据的构造演化与储层沉积演化解释研究

平衡剖面解释技术是利用地质构造的复原过程来研究复杂构造区的构造演化特征和过程,并对解释结果进行验证的一种重要的方法技术;层序地层学研究则是通过层序的划分与对比以及体系域的构建来认识盆地的沉积演化和沉积相的一种重要解释技术.两种方法一个是研究剧烈构造变形区地质构造解释问题,另一个则是研究盆地沉积特征、沉积相问题.然而对于空间仅具有一定观测尺度,垂向仅有一定分辨率的三维地震数据而言,如何发挥两种技术的优势,解决实际的地质问题呢?通过实际解释研究,提出了基于相对平衡剖面的构造演化和储层沉积演化解释方法.该方法基于三维地震数据,并结合了平衡剖面和层序地层学的理论和技术特点,不仅可以快速且比较有效地解决较小区域(地震三维区内)构造解释中的问题,快速有效地验证参考标准层解释的合理性,同时可以获得古地貌信息.在此基础上,再结合井信息和三维地震数据中的反射特征,最终获得三维空间的储层沉积演化解释结果.

Interpretation on structural evolution and reservoir deposit evolution based on 3D seisimic data.

The balanced section interpretation technology is an important method to study the characteristics and course of structural evolution in complex structures and to validate the interpretation results. Sequence stratigraphy is an important interpretation technology to comprehend the deposit evolution and sedimentary facies of the basin by sequence classification, sequence comparison and constitution of system tract. The former method studies the problem of geological interpretation in acute structural deformation areas; the latter one studies the problem of basin sedimentary characteristics and facies. Whereas, for 3-D seismic data which just has a certain observation scale and a certain vertical resolution, how can we take the advantages of the two methods to solve real geological problems? Through actual interpretation research, the interpretation method of structure evolution and reservoir deposit evolution based on relative balanced section was proposed. This method is based on 3-D seismic data and combines the theoretical and technical characteristics of balanced section with that of sequence stratigraphy. The method can speedily and effectively solve the problem of structural interpretation in a relatively small area (3-D seismic area) and validate the rationality of the reference standard layer interpretation. At the same time, the method can also obtain the information of palaeogeomorphology. On this basis, the final interpretation result of reservoir deposit evolution in 3-D space can be obtained by combining logging information with reflection characteristics in 3-D seismic data.